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问题描述
be dressed in, be lost in, be seated, be disappointed in 这些短语和后面的主语是什么关系？它们和 being dressed, being done 等有何区别？怎么用？谢谢！
老师答疑
刘老师：
英语语法有一条规则：就是“现在分词表主动；过去分词表被动”，这已经是大家公认的规则了。
然而，任何事物都有其特殊的现象和内在规律，英语亦然。在有些情况下，英语过去分词无论作状语、作宾补还是作定语，并不表示被动，而是主动。例如：
Faced with so many problems, they never gave up.面对如此多的问题，他们从未放弃。
We found John seated in a chair, writing a letter. 我们发现约翰坐在椅子上，正在写信。
The woman dressed in red clothes was his aunt. 这个穿红色衣服的女人是他的姨妈。
语法书上讲“过去分词表被动”，但这却是“过去分词表主动”，或者说“被动语态表主动”。这是一个很有意思的问题，英语中确实存在这种现象，应该是有一定规律可循的。下面对此作一分析归纳。
（一）首先，这种现象的本质之一，缘于反身代词的用法。主语和宾语为同一个人，主语是动作的发出者，又是动作的接受者，这就出现了被动语态或过去分词都表示“主动”含义的语言现象。常见的这类用法归纳如下：
abandon yourself to沉湎于=be abandoned to
absorb oneself in 专心于=be absorbed in
dress oneself in穿衣= be dressed in
seat oneself in/on坐在=be seated in/on
face oneself with 面对=be faced with
addict oneself to 沉迷于=be addicted to
accustom oneself to 习惯于=be accustomed to
devote oneself to 献身于=be devoted to
hide oneself 藏起来=be hidden
lose oneself in 迷失于=be lost in
settle oneself in定居于=be settled in
prepare oneself for为做准备=be prepared for
recover oneself from 从病中中痊愈= be recovered from
例如：
Absorbed in the newspaper, he didn’t hear the bell. 他专心读报，连门铃也没听见。
Fully recovered from his operation, he decided to leave the hospital.从他的手术完全恢复后，他决定离开医院。
（二）英语中有一种“使令性动词”，意为“使……怎么样”，表示人的心理或情绪变化。这类动词在句子中经常以过去分词的面貌出现，但在意思上却没有被动的意思。例如：
Satisfied with his result of the final examination, Tom was smiling all the time. 由于对期末考试结果很满意，汤姆乐得一直在笑。
Disappointed at her son’s behavior, she couldn’t sleep well all the time. 因对儿子的表现感到失望，她一直睡不好觉。
Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had mad a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. (P 14, Unit 2, Book 5) 因担心可用的时间有限，张萍玉事先列出了她计划在伦敦参观的景点。
常见的这类“使令性动词”有：satisfy, frighten, amuse, amaze, surprise, astonish, shock, bore, tire, delight, disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, interest, annoy, fascinate, upset, puzzle, confuse, move, worry, inspire, embarrass, frustrate, please, fascinate, disturb, terrify, horrify, thrill, relax等，都有这种用法。
（三）表示坐落、位置等概念的一些动词，其过去分词也表示主动意思。例如：
You find most of the population settled in the south. (P 10, Unit 2, Book 5) 你发现大部分人口定居在南方。
Located near the river, the chemical factory is ready to pour waste water into it and has caused much pollution. 由于坐落在河的附近，化工厂随时把废水倒入其中，造成大量污染。
They found a small village situated in the center of the forest and looked like a leaf. 他们发现一个小村庄坐落在森林中央，像片树叶一样。
Camped in the field across the stream, we could go fishing during the day. 在小溪对面的田野里宿营，我们可以在白天去钓鱼。
（四）表示“倾注、专心、集中、习惯”等含义的动词，其被动语态或过去分词，也有此种用法。例如：
The English professor was busied/occupied/employed/engaged in preparing his lecture.英语教授忙于准备他的演讲。
She is devoted to the cause of the people’s education. 她献身于人民的教育事业。
Tom was lost in thought. 汤姆陷入了沉思。
They were deeply buried in his work. 他们埋头工作。
We should be concerned about the growth of the young people.我们应当关心年轻人的成长。
You will soon be used/accustomed to the climate here.你不久就会习惯这里的气候的。
The child was addicted to computer games. 这孩子沉迷于电脑有游戏。
（五）表示“装饰、盛满、装备”等含义的动词，也有此用法。例如：
This bottle is filled with milk. 这个瓶子盛满了牛奶。
The room was crowded with people. 房间挤满了人。
The meeting hall was decorated with fresh flowers. 会议大厅装饰着鲜花。
That newly built plant is equipped with modern machines. 那家新建的工厂装备着现代化机器。
当然，还有一些其他情况，限于篇幅，不再赘述。
陈老师：
be dressed in, be lost in, be seated, be disappointed in 这些短语和后面的主语是什么关系？它们和 being dressed, being done 等有何区别？怎么用？谢谢！
(1)sbe be dressed in +（颜色）+衣服 某人穿着...
The girl was dressed in brown from top to toe.
那女孩从头到脚穿着一身棕色的衣服。
She was dressed in green.
她穿着绿色的衣服。
He was dressed in a pair of black trousers.
他穿着一条黑色裤子。
(2)sb be lost in sth 全神贯注于某事/沉湎于某事/陷入某事之中
The old man was lost in thought and did not hear us come in.
这个老人凝神沉思，没有听见我们进来。
(3)sb be seated 坐下/就座
The delegates have to be seated according to protocol.
代表们须按礼仪要求就座。
Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen!
各位女士们，先生们，请坐下！
Be seated! This court is now in session.
请坐下！本庭现在开庭。
(4)sb be disappointed in 对...感到失望
Our Heavenly Father invented man because he was disappointed in the monkey.
我们的天公老爷，因对猴子失望而创造了人。
I'll try to do better so that he won't be disappointed in me.
我要努力做得更好，免得他对我失。
(5)being dressed 和being done都 属于用动名词被动语态结构
She hated being dressed up.
她讨厌打扮自己。
The director dressed Jim down for being late again.
主任骂吉姆又迟到了.
The cabinets were being finally ready to be dressed.
橱柜终于准备好了,可以上漆了.
She seemed to make a point of being unfashionably dressed.
她似乎对过时的穿着很有看法.
Elegance is innate. It has nothing to do with being well dressed. Elegance is refusal.
高雅是内在的. 这与穿着没有关系,高雅是拒绝.
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