plan 和 prepare 的区别是什么?
龙老师:
你应该是指它们两个用作动词的区别吧!
▲plan 用作动词时意思是“计划”“打算”,后接不定式,表示计划做某事或打算做某事。如:
They plan to take a fortnight over the job. 他们计划花两周时间做这件工作。
I plan to pay all my debts in one month’s time. 我计划在一个月内偿还所有的债务。
表示“打算做某事”时,除可接不定式外,也可接 on doing sth。如:
I am planning to start [on starting] next month. 我打算下个月动身。
I had planned to do [on doing] some work this afternoon. 我曾计划今天下午要做些工作。
▲动词 prepare 的意思是“准备”,后接不定式表示准备做某事。如:
Have you prepared to go on a trip? 你准备好去旅行了吗?
He prepared to write a novel about the war. 他准备写一本战争小说。
另外,该动词也可用于 be prepared to do sth。如:
I’m prepared to accept it. 我准备接受。
How much is she prepared to pay? 他准备付多少钱?
▲当然,两者还有诸多搭配方面的区别,如 prepare 可以接双宾语,但plan 不这样用:
prepare sb sth / prepare sth for sb 为某人准备某物
She is preparing us a meal. /She is preparing a meal for us. 她在给我们准备饭菜。
另外,prepare 还可用于 prepare sb for sth(使某人为某事作好准备),但 plan 不这样用:
They’re preparing the children for the examination. 他们在指导孩子准备考试。
He prepared her for the bad news. 他要她作好接那坏消息的心理准备。
有时用于 prepare sb to do sth。如:
We’ll prepare the child to face the difficulty. 我们要教孩子准备面对困难。
黎老师:
■plan
(1) 作动词表示“准备,计划”,后面常接不定式、名词或代词作宾语,偶尔也可以不带宾语。例如:
We are planning to visit London this summer. 我们准备今年夏天到伦敦去。
We’ve been planning this visit for months. 这几个月我们一直在为这次参观访问做准备。
He planned with double care. 他加倍小心地计划安排。
(2) 在口语中,plan往往接 on +v-ing 形式(或名词),意思是“指望”、“打算”。例如:
Don’t plan on my going with you, for I expect to be busy this weekend. 不要指望我和你一起去,我估计周末会很忙。
I’m planning on calling on them next week. 我打算下周去拜访他们。
(3) plan用作名词,后面接for(或of)+ v-ing形式比接不定式普通。例如:
They had a plan for(或of)exploring the resource.
= They had a plan to explore the resource.他们有个开发这些资源的计划。(第一句比第二句普通)
■prepare
(1) 用作及物动词,意思是“准备”,常暗指所需时间甚短。例如:
Please prepare the table for dinner. 请摆好桌子准备吃饭。
My teacher was preparing (his) lessons when I knocked at the door. 我敲门时,老师在备课。
(2) 后面可接双宾语。例如:
His mother is preparing him a meal. 母亲正在为他准备膳食。
Can you prepare me a useful English text book? 你能为我准备一本有用的英语课本吗?
(3) be prepared后有时可接that从句,从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)。例如:
I’m prepared that my son should have a tutor. 我准备给儿子请一位家教。
(4) prepare用作不及物动词,进行时常可表示被动意义,指某事正在被准备着。例如:
The supper is preparing. = The supper is being prepared. 晚饭正在准备着。
——以上内容摘自《薄冰英语惯用法词典》