include out, include sb out, include sth out是什么意思

问题描述

见过 include in, include sb in, include sth in 的用法。如我查到的例子有：

Food is included in the price. 饮食包含在该价格内。

There is a 10% service charge included in the bill. 账单包括10%的服务费。

These details were not included in the preliminary draft.这些细节没有包括在初稿中。

Names of past members are not included in the list. 以前成员的姓名没有列在名单中。

The transfer from the airport to the hotel is included in the price. 票价包括从机场转车到旅馆的费用。

但没有见过include out, include sb out, include sth out 的用法，它是什么意思？比如看到这样一句：

To my surprise, the student asked to be included out.

老师答疑

陈老师：

▲追根究源

include me out出自Samuel Goldwyn之口，他是一个语病百出的电影制片人。本来 include something / somebody in 才符合逻辑，但是被他说成了 include…out（按照逻辑，我们一般不说“把……包括出去）”。后来 include me (一般只和me搭配) out 被人们当作一个笑话沿用下来, 它属于非正式英语。

▲词义辨微

exclude 本身含有 out 的意思，因此 exclude out 犯了语义重复的毛病。再说，如果用 asked to be excluded 就失去了原文那点俏皮幽默的意思。

▲小心求证

为了确保自己的解说不是不切实际的凭空想象，特向老外求证，并且获得如下答复：

Yes, you are right. “Include me out” is a quotation from Samuel Goldwyn, and is humorous because of its inherent paradox（意为“自相矛盾”）. If you change it to “exclude me out”, you are essentially (本质上) saying the same thing, but replacing the paradox with tautology. “Exclude” already implies “out”, so there’s no need to say “out”.

▲祝您进步

That’s all. Hope it helps.

王老师：

1.《21世纪大英汉词典》：

[口语]把……排除在外，不算在内：

If you are going to sit up late,you can include me out!

如果你们要很晚才睡，请别把我算在内!    

2.《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》：

to exclude 排除在外[非正式]：

You can include me out of that deal.

黎老师：

以下摘自《外研社英汉多功能词典》：

include out（口，戏谑）将……排除在外（通常用于祈使句）：

Include me out. 不要把我算进去。

【注意】宾语如果是代词，必须放在 out 的前面。

如果用 exclude 表示“将……排除在外”，不能再用 out。

陈老师：

为你回答如下:

(1) include sb/sth out不把某人/某物算在内/列为..一部分

If you want more work done, you can include me out! 要想多干点活可别让我参加。

(2) include sb/sth in 把…列为…的一部分;把…算入

结构为：A be included in B

I had worked hard to be included in a project like this. 

为参与这样的项目,我过去一直努力工作。

The President is expected to include this idea in his education plan.

人们期望总统把这一意见列入他的教育计划当中。

请问为什么不用 exclude out 呢？

继续回答如下

关于不用exclude out原因如下

(1) exclude已经具有将…排除在外或者不包括的含义，不需要再后加加out

(2) exclude 具体用法如下所示

【1】vt.将…排除在外;不包括

The price excludes accommodation.   
价格不含住宿。

The Academy excluded women from its classes.

该学院不招收女学生。

The army should be excluded from political life.

军队不应该涉足政治。

Many of the youngsters feel excluded.

很多年轻人感觉自己被排挤

【2】vt.拒绝;阻止

Closing the windows excludes street noises.   

关窗使街上吵闹的声音不能进来。

Thick curtains help to exclude street noises.
厚窗帘有助于隔绝街上的噪音

The court excluded the improperly obtained evidence.
法院不接受非正常渠道获得的证据

They eat only plant foods, and take care to exclude animal products from other areas of their lives.

他们只吃素食，在生活的其他方面也注意拒绝使用动物产品。

In some schools, Christmas carols are being modified to exclude any reference to Christ.

某些学校正在对圣诞颂歌进行修改，删除提及耶稣的内容。

【3】vt.排除…的可能性;对…不予考虑

The police have excluded the possibility that the kidnappers have run away.  

警方已排除了绑架者逃走的可能性。

I cannot entirely exclude the possibility that some form of pressure was applied to the neck.

我不能完全排除颈部受到某种压迫的可能性。

the pathological evidence, which does not exclude suicide.

不排除自杀可能的病理学证据

【4】vt.阻挡;拒绝；阻止…进入

I mean the last thing we would think about is to exclude the children from this plan.
我的意思是,我们绝不会考虑把孩子们排除在这个计划之外的

This was intended to exclude the direct rays of the sun.

其目的是阻挡直射的太阳光。

They have spent $3 million building fences around the National Park to exclude such pests.

为了阻止这类有害动物进入，他们已经耗资300万美元在国家公园周边建造围栏。