非谓语动词的时态与被动语态

问题描述

Mark often attempts to escape         whenever he breaks traffic regulation.

A.having been fined B.to have been fine C.to be fined D.being fined

请老师详细讲解这道题，尤其是C,D选项，为什么不能选C而选D啊？

老师答疑

曹老师：

escape doing something是escape from doing something的省略形式。escape不能后接不定式。介词from的语义强烈暗示doing实际未发生，因此不能用动名词的完成体，因为完成体表示谓语动词时间之前发生过的事件。因此本题应该排除不定式，排除动名词的完成体形式， 答案只能选D。

龙老师：

Mark often attempts to escape ______ whenever he breaks traffic regulation.

A.having been fined B.to have been fine C.to be fined D.being fined

本题要选 D 而不能选 C，原因很简单，因为 escape 后面接动词时要用动名词，不能用不定式。又如：

I hate him but I can’t escape meeting him. 我讨厌他，但又不得不见他。

He narrowly escaped being drowned. 他差点儿被淹死。

He narrowly escaped being run over. 他差点儿被车压死。

They narrowly escaped being killed in the fire. 他们险些在大火中丧生。

Thankfully, the land has so far escaped being developed. 谢天谢地，至今这块土地尚未开发过

The Puritans left England to escape being persecuted. 清教徒离开了英格兰以躲避迫害。