如何判断形容词或分词在句中是做定语还是状语

问题描述

请问老师如何判断形容词或分词在句中是做定语还是状语?

1. Shares in Kaptoys fell again today by 2% prompting speculation that the company will post poor profits for the second quarter running.

2. The graph shows the number of cars per 100 people over the period 1980 to 2020 relative to the grwoth of the world's population.

老师答疑

陈老师：

请问老师如何判断形容词或分词在句中是做定语还是状语?

1. Shares in Kaptoys fell again today by 2% prompting speculation that the company will post poor profits for the second quarter running.

参考译文:卡普托股票今天再次下落/下跌了2个百分点，引发该公司将对第2个季度运行会有一个不理想的利润猜测。

解答:prompting speculation that+ 同位语从句 ...属于前面句子谓语附加成分,作结果状语,引发猜测.

2. The graph shows the number of cars per 100 people over the period 1980 to 2020 relative to the grwoth of the world's population.

参考译文：与世界人口增长相比，这张图表显示了在1980年到2020年期间的每100人所拥有小汽车的数量。

解答:relative to ... ..属于前面句子谓语附加成分,作方式状语,与...比较起来/相对于....

解答如下：

判断形容词或分词在句中是做定语还是状语可归纳为以下2种方法

(1)如果形容词或分词在主语，宾语，表语，同位语的附加就是是做定语

(2)如果形容词或分词谓语附加成分就是状语成分

(1)prompt   vt.促使；推动；引起 ,引发.

Japan's recession has prompted consumers to cut back on buying cars.  

日本经济的不景气使得消费者在购买车辆上减少了开支。

 The need for villagers to control their own destinies has prompted a new plan.  

村民们想要掌握自己的命运，这促成了一项新的计划。

These findings prompted worldwide research on factors controlling the inactivation of viruses in marine waters.

这些发现促进了世界范围对海洋水体中控制病毒不复活因素的研究。

Science and technology has prompted the rapid development of modern society.

科学技术推动了现代社会的迅速发展。

She needed to be occasionally prompted.

她需要不时给予提示。

(2)relative to 与…相比;与…有关;相对于...涉及;关于

Japanese interest rates rose relative to America's.

日本利率随美国利率上浮。

House prices now look cheap relative to earnings.  

相对收入而言房价现在看起来比较便宜。

The detective thought the stick was relative to the murder case.
侦探认为这根木棒和谋杀案有牵连。

The teacher asked me some questions relative to my paper.
老师问了我一些和我的论文有关的问题。

A collection of data in which each item is uniquely identified by a label, by its positionrelative to the other items or by some other means.
数据的一种集合，其中每一项可唯一地被一个标号或相对于其它项的位置或某些其它方法所标识。

The orientation of a spacecraft relative to its direction of motion.
飞行姿态宇宙飞船相对于其飞行方向所处的位置。

The dynamics of bodies moving relative to gases, especially the interaction of moving objects with the atmosphere.
空气动力学相对于气体的物体移动，特别是移动物体与大气相互作用的动力学。