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问题描述
高考英语语法应试技巧65页第11题:
It showed me that the way of education in Canada is quite different from _____ in China.
A.one B.it C.that D.those
老师，帮我分析一下句子成分!
老师答疑
刘老师：
在英语考试中，经常出现一些区别one, the one, it, that, those 的题目，有时很难区分这些代词的差别，即使选对了也是凭感觉，不知所以然。我想，任何事物都是有规律可寻的。下面，我们还是结合典型例句来分析区别，你的问题跟（6）类似。
从one, the one, it, that, those中，选择一个合适的答案填空：
1. A bridge made of stone costs much less than (1) made of steel.
2. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have (2) .
3. Is this museum (3) you visited last month?
4. I don't like this shirt. I want (4) you showed me just now.
5. His behavior is not (5) of a gentleman.
6. Weather in the north is quite different from (6) in the south.
7. I lost my pen. I didn't find (7) . So I'll have to buy (8) .
8. I have no camera to lend to you, but my brother has (9) . He bought (10) only a few days ago.
9. We should help (11) who are in trouble.
10. The oranges in the box are better than (12) on the shelf.
【答案】(1) one (2) one (3) the one (4) the one (5) that (6) that (7) it (8) one (9) one (10) it (11)those (12)those
【分析】通过做上面的典型例题，我们可以得出如下结论：one, the one, it, that, those 都可以用来指代上文中出现的名词，以避免重复。其区别是，one具有泛指作用，它指代上文提到的那一类事物中的“任一个”，如(1)，(2)，(8)，(9)。the one 具有特指作用，它指代上文提到的或者特指的“那一个”，如(3)，(4)。that与the one意思虽然相同，也是特指同类事物的那“一个”，但the one 指代的同类同物，而 that 则指代同类不同物，如(5)，(6)。it 指代上文中提到的那个名词本身，如(7)，(10)。those是that的复数形式，指代前文提到的复数名词，如(12)；those还可以指代人（复数），相当于those people，如(11)。
陈老师：
It showed me that the way of education in Canada is quite different from that in China.（that=the way of education)
参考译文：它向我展示了加拿大的教育方式非常不同于中国的教育方式。
A.one B.it C.that D.those
答案解析C为正确答案
A:one 指代同类异物，表示泛指，通常带有前置定语，相当于"a/an+(adj.)+名词
(1)不带前置定语one用法。（one相当于等于a/an+名词）
You have so many novels, Could you lend me one?
你有如此多的小说，你能借我一本吗？(one=a novel)
Two heads are better than one.
两人智慧胜一人。(one=a head)
I am looking for a flat. I would like one with a garden.
我正在找一套公寓，想找一套带花园的。
(2)带有前置定语one用法, 带有前置定语时，可以在one前面加不定冠词。
They are selling their house to move to a smaller one.
他们正打算卖掉房子，然后搬到一个小一点的住处。
I lost my old camera; this is a new one.
我的旧相机丢了，这是一架新的。
(3)带有前置定语one用法, 带有后置定语时，需要在one前面加定冠词。
My room is better than the one next door.
我的房间比隔壁房间好。
B:it指代同类同物体，属于特指，还可用来作形式主语/形式宾语，用来代替，不定式，动名词，以及从句，还有指代天气，时间，距离，婴儿等.
My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much.
我叔叔给我买了一本词典，我非常喜欢它。
I like the car, but I have no enough money to buy it.
我喜欢那辆汽车，可我没足够的钱买它。
I find it impossible to complete the project on time.
我发现按时完成这项工作是不可能的。
It is a question where we can find enough food and water
哪里能找到足够的食物和水还是个问题。
It is no use talking to her.
和她谈话是没有用的。
It is very important to learn English well.
学好英文很重要。
It is three o'clock in the morning.
现在是凌晨 3 点整。
It was a Monday, so she was at home.
那天是星期一,因此她在家里。
It was very wet and windy the day I drove over the hill to Milland.
那天风雨交加,我开车翻过小山去米兰德。
It's getting dark. Let's go inside...
天色暗下来了,我们进去吧。
It is a very long way from the West Coast to the East of America.
从美国的东岸到西岸的距离很长。
They got a baby and it was very lovely.
他们生了个孩子,很可爱。
C:that指代同类异物，表示特指，通常带有后置定语，相当于the+名词+后置定语
The output of steel this year has increased by 20% compared with that in 1992.(that 相当于等于the output)
今年钢产量比一九九二年增长了百分之二十。
The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.
中国人口比日本人口多得多。
A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent.
祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.
北京的天气比广州冷。
D:those 指代同类异物，表示特指，通常也带有后置定语，相当于the+名词复数
The oranges in the box are better than those on the shelf.
箱子的橙子比橱上的那些好。(those相当于等于the oranges)
Our rules are quite different from those of other organizations
我们的规章制度和别的机关的大为不同。
The shoes made in China are much cheaper than those made in America.（those=the shoes)
中国生产的鞋子要比美国生产的鞋子便宜很多。
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