There be句型的非限定动词形式只有there to be和there being吗,还有别的形式吗?
例如,there to have done, there to be doning, there having done等变体形式存在吗?
谢谢老师的回答。
曹老师:
1 there to be只能做复合宾语。to be是宾补。宾补位置上的不定式是没有完成体的。
2 for there to be是不定式复合结构。可以做主语、宾语、表语、状语。做主、宾、表语的不定式通常都是后于谓语动词时间的,如果先于谓语动词就用动名词而不用不定式了。但在有些结构中要求用不定式而不用动名词,且不定式的动作先于谓语动词,则for there to have been是可能出现的。作状语的不定式通常为目的或结果状语,不会有完成体形式。因此,在状语位置不会出现for there to have been的形式。
3 there being可能是动名词复合结构。
动名词的doing形式在非正式语体可以表示先于谓语动词时间的情况。但正式语体如果动名词的动作先于谓语动词,则用完成体having done。
It is true there having been several gift shops on this street for years.
这个句子中动名词复合结构作真正主语。但显然不如that从句自然。尽管如此,理论上这种结构是可能的。有些像语法游戏。
4 there being也可能是现在分词结构。
1)作为复合宾语。being为宾语。现在分词作宾补,不可能有完成体形式。
2)作为独立主格结构。独立主格结构只能作状语。be为静态动词表示状态,如果状态从过去持续到谓语动词时间就需要用完成体。如:
There having been 2 gift shops in the area for years, Tom opened a new one recently. 独立主格结构作让步状语。显然不如用让步状语从句自然。但理论上完全可以有这种形式。
结论:there be句型的非谓语形式中,不定式结构没有完成体形式。there being作为动名词复合结构可以有there having been形式,但显得不够自然,现实中多被that从句取代。there being作为独立主格结构可以有there having been形式,但过于臃肿,现实中多被状语从句取代。
以上是我的推测。
以下是BNC语料库查到的例句:
Do we not have to include there having been no general power failure in South-east England? 动名词复合结构作宾语。
Roth's influence was less as a teacher, there having been during his lifetime much less scope than later for Jewish studies in Britain.独立主格结构作状语。
This might have made it possible for there to have been an earlier contracting phase of the universe.作真正宾语,前面有形式宾语it。
It was too much of a coincidence for there to have been two wrecks of similar size and age.作真正主语,前面有形式主语it。
陈老师:
There be句型的非限定动词形式只有there to be和there being吗,还有别的形式吗?
例如,there to have done, there to be doning, there having done等变体形式存在吗?
谢谢老师的回答。
There be非谓语动词形式,只要以下2种
(1)There to be
(2)There being
(there 为非谓语动词to be, being 逻辑主语)