非谓语动词的被动形式

问题描述

Inspired by his words,I decided to work hard. 是过去分词的被动形式，请问，如果换成动词不定式，现在分词短语的被动形式，这句子能成立吗？

To have been Inspired by his ....hard.

Having been Inspired by his ...hard.有什么区别这几个句子？

老师答疑

曹老师：

不定式作状语，不能表示谓语动词之前的事件。也就是说，状语位置上的不定式的to have done是错误的形式。

现在分词的完成被动式having been done和过去分词done，都表示被动，动作时间都是谓语动词之前。二者的区别是，前者强调动作性，尤其用于分词有时间状语修饰的时候；过去分词强调动作后主语所处的状态。谓语动词decide的时候，主语仍然处于受激励后的状态。

用having been inspired,暗示之前受到了激励，所以决定。。。

inspired 暗示仍处于被激励后的状态中，所以决定。。。

你觉得哪一种更适宜于做决定呢？

在逻辑上，过去分词明显优于现在分词的完成被动式。

hear the song sung in English.

感官动词hear后接复合宾语。song是宾语，sung in English是不带to的不定式被动语态be sung in English作宾语补足语。由于hear的语义是听见，be省略后不至于误解为是过去分词作宾补，这时be就省略了。

同样的道理，want是想要的意思，want后的宾补的动作肯定未发生，所以不定式的被动语态作宾补的时候，to be也可省略，而且常常省略。如：I want the letter to be sent tomorrow = I want the letter sent tomorrow. 

陈老师：

Inspired by his words,I decided to work hard. 是过去分词的被动形式，请问，如果换成动词不定式，现在分词短语的被动形式，这句子能成立吗？

To have been Inspired by his ....hard.

Having been Inspired by his ...hard.有什么区别这几个句子？

解答如下

以上为过去分词作原因状语成分，相当于下面从句

As I was inspired by his words, I decided to work hard.