An excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teach his students.
这个句子对吗?是不是应该在句首加上 As:
As an excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teach his students.
求专家解答!谢谢!最好权威依据和例句,谢谢!
王老师:
我的解答和English Expert 的解答不同。我认为An excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teach his students. 这个句子是正确的,可以不用as an excellent teacher. 如果句子加上as ,as an excellent teacher 是状语。没有as, an excellent teacher 是主语补足语。也有的语法学家认为是同位语前置。这种现象在英语中常见。具体可参见《薄冰高级英语语法》p681的讲解. 该书的例句:A mere child, he had to work like a beast of burden. A mere child是主语he的补足语。
刘老师:
An excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teach his students.
这个句子没错。关于An excellent teacher的成分划分问题,我觉得理解为原因状语更好。可以转换为:
Being an excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teach his students.
Because he is an excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teach his students.
王老师认为An excellent teacher是:1. 主语补语;2. 同位语前置。我觉得:
1. 主语补语的说法,过分强调了主语施事者的作用。补语的概念是补充说明另外一个词的,既然是补充说明作用,其位置不可能放在这个词的前面,哪有把补充说明的成分放在该词语前面的?这在逻辑上讲不通。当代语法更注重谓语的作用,把一些辅助成分趋于看成状语,说明谓语动词发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、伴随等。
是补语还是状语?说到底就是,看看这个词语跟主语关系密切,还是跟谓语动词关系密切。
下面我们分析一个句子,看看斜体部分作主语补语,还是状语?
They married young.
They married young.“他们年纪轻轻就结婚了。”该句中的young,在薄冰等语法书中认为是主语补足语。
首先,young跟主语和谓语都有一定的关系。那么,They married young. 所传达的信息重心是“他们年轻”还是“结婚年轻”?如果是前者,young跟主语关系密切,看作主补未尝不可。可是我觉得,句子表达的重心是后者,说明“结婚时间早,结婚年龄太小,早婚”。可以想见的是:Perhaps they are very old now, but they got married when they were quite young. 由此,把young看作状语修饰谓语动词married,表明结婚的时间,似乎更为合理。
此外,还可以把young看作方式状语,说明结婚的方式。
2. 同位语A和B,是相互的关系,也就是互为同位语,不存在前置的说法。例如,以下句中的Tom和my friend即是。
My friend Tom went abroad.
因为是互为同位关系,把位置调换也可:
Tom my friend went abroad.
【回复王老师】
我觉得您误解了我的意思。首先澄清几个问题。
1. 我们讨论的问题是:在An excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teach his students.这个句子中,An excellent teacher作何种成分的问题。
您认为是“主语补足语”,我认为是状语。
这样的句子在英语中时常见到,又如:
A scientist with many years’ experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States.
2. 为了证实我的看法,我举了这个例子:They married young. 我的用意是排除“主语补足语”的说法,不是承认它。请您仔细看看我的解答。
3. 形容词(短语),名词(短语)附着在句中,划分为主补还是状语更为合理?我认为状语更合理。主语补语的说法,过分强调了主语施事者的作用。补语的概念是补充说明另外一个词的,既然是补充说明作用,其位置不可能放在这个词的前面,哪有把补充说明的成分放在该词语前面的?这在逻辑上讲不通。当代语法更注重谓语的作用,把一些辅助成分趋于看成状语,说明谓语动词发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、伴随等。
是补语还是状语?说到底就是,看看这个词语跟主语关系密切,还是跟谓语动词关系密切。
例如:
He went to bed cold and hungry. 他又冷又饿地上床睡了。
Long and untidy, his hair played in the breeze. 他的头发又长又乱随风飘舞着。
She went away quite a child. 她离开时还是一个小女孩。
We parted the best of friends. 我们分别时是最好的朋友。
He returned quite a different man. 他回来了,成了另外一个人。
The bird fell dead to the ground. 这只鸟摔死在地上。
He returned home damp and weary enough after his ten-mile walk. 走了十英里路才回到家里,他全身湿透,疲惫不堪。
【再次回复王老师】
王老师:您说的这些只是您自己的判断,实际上,您的理解并不全面:
按您的逻辑happy修饰return,做状语,那么,做状语为什么不用happily呢?写成he returned home happily. 这里happily才是状语。所以说成状语,会出现矛盾现象,这里解释不通。所以薄冰的主补说法是语法界普遍认可的。但也有语法学家提出是同位语,这在薄冰书里也提到。但目前只有这两个争议,您现在有提出状语,这是语法学界还没得到认可的。
▲看得出,您只承认happily 是状语,不承认happy 作状语,而且对比了两个句子:
1. He returned home happy.(您认为happy是主语补语)
2. He returned home happily.(您认为只有这样才是状语)
我认为:第一句中的happy 作状语,表示结果。第二句中的happily 作状语,表示方式。也就是说,这两句话表达的意思是不同的,同样是作状语,一个结果,一个方式。从语义上就完全可以判断出这两个句子的差别。
我再重申一遍我的观点:
形容词(短语)、名词(短语)附着在句中,划分为主补还是状语更为合理?我认为状语更合理。主语补语的说法,过分强调了主语施事者的作用。补语的概念是补充说明另外一个词的,既然是补充说明作用,其位置不可能放在该词的前面,或者隔着谓语,放在谓语的后面。当代语法更注重谓语的作用,把一些辅助成分趋于看成状语,说明谓语动词发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、伴随等。
是补语还是状语?说到底就是,看看这个词语跟主语关系密切,还是跟谓语动词关系密切。
补语的说法,确实已经落伍了。
▲实际上,关于以下这类句子中的形容词短语、名词短语的成分问题(包括我们讨论的句子),目前,国内外语法界有三种划分。并非像您说的薄冰的主补说法是语法界普遍认可的。
1. 主语补语(subject complement)
2. 状语(adverbial)
3. 双重谓语(double predicate)
An excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teach his students.
They married young.
He returned home happy.
He went to bed cold and hungry. 他又冷又饿地上床睡了。
Long and untidy, his hair played in the breeze. 他的头发又长又乱随风飘舞着。
She went away quite a child. 她离开时还是一个小女孩。
We parted the best of friends. 我们分别时是最好的朋友。
He returned quite a different man. 他回来了,成了另外一个人。
The bird fell dead to the ground. 这只鸟摔死在地上。
He returned home damp and weary enough after his ten-mile walk. 走了十英里路才回到家里,他全身湿透,疲惫不堪。
现在我们讨论的是:哪一种划分更合理、更科学。
我写一个句子,敬请王老师给划分一下成分:
They found the dog lying dead on the ground.
众所周知,lying 是宾补,补充说明宾语dog的,那么,dead 还是宾补吗?
已知lying是宾补,如果dead还是宾补,那么,它们是什么关系:
并列关系?同位关系?
还是修饰关系?修饰关系就是作状语,dead 说明lying 的方式或结果。
如果dead不是宾补,那么这个句子:The dog lay dead.
为何要把dead 分析为主补呢?
陈老师:
An excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teach his students.
这个句子对吗?是不是应该在句首加上 As:
As an excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teach his students.
求专家解答!谢谢!最好权威依据和例句,谢谢!
回答如下:
需要介词as,构成介词短语作状语。或者连词as构成省略结构时间状语从句。即可以理解连词 as +(主语+系动词be) 的省略结构。因为从句主语和主句主语相同。
As a child,he lived in Japan.
=As he was a child, he lived in Japan.
他小的时候住在日本。
As a schoolboy,he showed every sign of genius.
As he was a schoolboy, he showed every sign of genius.
当他还是个小学生的时候,就显示出了天资聪慧。
As a cub reporter he would learn the facts of life in the newspaper world.
作为一名初出茅庐的记者,他要了解报界生涯的内幕。
补充回答
(1)我不赞同:an excellent teacher, 分析为原因状语,因为分析为原因状语需要改为分词形式,being an excellent teacher
Being an excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teach his students.
=Because he was an excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teacher his students.
现在分词作原因壮语。其逻辑主语为句子的主语。
Being ill, he didn't go to school today.
=Because he was ill, he didn't go to school.
也是现在分词作原因壮语。
(2我也不赞同把an excellent teacher 分析为主语补足语。分析为同位语前置,勉强可以接受,因为同位语一般都放在一个名词/代词后面。
He, an excellent teacher, has special abilities to teacher his students.
主语补足语一般是“宾语补足语”被动语态的形式称呼
例如:We call him Tom.(宾补)
He was called Tom by us.(主补)
The war made him a hero.(宾补)
He was made a hero by war.(主补)
Tom was thought an honest man.(主补)
He was thought of as a brave man.(主补)
It was called "London Tube"(主补)
特别备注:
She married young =She was young when she married
He died young =He was young when he died.
She left a shy girl and returned a mother of two children.
=She was a shy girl when she left and (she was) a mother of two children when she returned.
He left this morning very gay.
=He was very gay when he left this morning.
The man lay there motionless .
=The man was motionless when he lay there
He died a poor man.
He was a poor man when he died.
以上2个句子属于双重谓语结构.还有人把他分析为方式状语,主语补足语/谓语补足语。
最后我总结以下我个人观点
(1)An excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teach his students.
(2)Being excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teach his students.
(3)As excellent teacher, he has special abilities to teach his students.
第1个句子不管它是对还是错,但是有一点是可以肯定的,这个句子一定是个存在有“语法争议问题”的句子。
第2个句子和第3个句子是绝对正确的,且不存在任何“语法争议”
对于英语初学者来说,建议先从“不存在语法争议”的英语句子开始学起。等到具有一定英语水平之后在考虑去学,去钻研具有争议的英语语法或者有语法争议的英语句子。这样会更好一些。因此我的不成熟的观点就是建议英语初学者“先就第2个和第3个英语句子所使用语法为标准去去学习并熟练掌握。
如果补充解答观点有不妥当之处,还望谅解并指正。谢谢大家!