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问题描述
12. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to______.
A.be put up B.give in C.be turned on D.go out
本题答案是 go out。我的疑问是：这里为什么不用不定式的完成式呢？即用 to have gone out，因为从时间上看，应该是“灯先熄”，然后小偷才溜进房间吧。
老师答疑
龙老师：
▲你的怀疑是有道理的，如果 happen 后面不定式所表示的动词发生在先，原则上应用完成式。如：
He happened to have heard of the book. 他碰巧听人说起过这本书。
I happened to have driven that kind of car before. 我碰巧过去曾开过那种汽车。
▲你的句子之所以没有用完成式是因为“灯熄”与“小偷才溜进房间”是紧挨着发生，所以就用一般式代替了（其实用完成式也是可以的），即说：
Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to go out.
Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to have gone out.
▲如果还不明白，我们再来改写一下句子：
Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to go out.
= Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because it happened that the lights went out.
Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to have gone out.
=Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because happened that the lights had gone out.
张老师：
Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to__________.
A. put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out
【参考译文】
没有人注意到小偷溜进了房间，因为当时碰巧灯都熄灭了。
【参考解析】
happen to do 与 happen to have done 的区别：前者为“碰巧当时发生了某事”；后者为“碰巧之前发生了某事”
仅就此题而言，两个都对，但意思有差别：如果用 to have gone out 意思是：碰巧之前灯已经都灭了, 咱们都知道 “碰巧” 往往有出人意料之意，如果说灯先前早就灭了，那么没人注意到某事的发生就是顺理成章的结果，那么也就失去了 “出人意料” 的内涵， 上下文的逻辑关系就不那么自然；再由于本句话强调的是过去特定动作发生时的特定状态，并不强调先后顺序，因此最好用 happen to go out. 即： When the thief slipped into the house, the lights happened to go out. 当时碰巧灯都灭了，所以（当时）没有人注意到有人进了房间。
【更多例句】
1.She happened to have read the novel when questioned by the teacher. 老师提问时，碰巧（之前）她已经读过这部小说。
2.There____ nobody in the parking place when he needed help.
A. happened to be B . happened to have C. happened D. happened to
当他需要帮助时，不巧当时停车场没人。(答案为 A ）
3.They happened to _____ for Tianjin when we got there.
A.leave B. have left C.leaving D. had left
当我们到那儿时，不巧他们（之前）已经离开了天津。（答案为 B ）
4.As he happened to have a small piece of chocolate in his pocket,he gave it to the dog.当时碰巧他口袋里有块巧克力，就把它给了那条狗吃。
陈老师：
12. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to______.
A.be put up B.give in C.be turned on D.go out
本题答案是 go out。我的疑问是：这里为什么不用不定式的完成式呢？即用 to have gone out，因为从时间上看，应该是“灯先熄”，然后小偷才溜进房间吧。
回答如下：
A. 张贴，挂起，搭建
B. 屈服，让步
C. 被转向/转动
D. 熄灭
根据题意，答案为D，表示熄灭(如果改为不定式完成式为最佳答案，因为有一个动作先后）
Slip into (使)悄悄进入 ;溜进
How can you slip me into the concert without a ticket?
没有票你怎么带我混进音乐会上去听音乐?
句子意思：由于灯碰巧熄灭了，所以没有注意到贼溜进了
房子.
特别备注以下3点：
(1)主语+happen to do sth 表示主语碰巧要去做某事（还没有做）
I happened to go out when he came to visit me.
他来看望我的时候，我碰巧正要出去。
(2)主语+happen to be doing sth 表示主语碰巧正在做某事（主语正在做某事）
I happened to be sleeping when he came to visit me.
当他看来看望我的时候，我碰巧正在睡觉。
(3)主语+happen to have done sth 表示主语碰巧已经做完了某事，动作已经发生且完成）
I happened to have gone out when he came to visit me.
当他来看望我的时候，我碰巧已经出去了。
请根据动作是否已经发生或者将要发生，或者正在发生正确选用以上3中结构中其中一种。
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