-
-
问题描述
The next Olympic Games are in two years, ________ I will be a university student.
答案是 by which time。我想问：可以用 in which 吗？which 作关系代词指代先行词 two years. I will be a university student in which(two years).
老师答疑
蒋老师：
我觉得填 by which time 和 in which 都可以，只是意思有所不同。
要弄清这个问题，我们需要弄清以下几个相关问题：
▲by which time 与in which 的用法
如果先行词是指时间的话，by which time 与in which 的用法区别如下：
(1) by which time 意思是“（到）那时”“（到）这时”，通常是指到某个时间点，即它的先行词通常应是时间点。如：
We arrived at noon, by which time the demonstration was over. 我们是中午到的，这时游行业已结束。
He came back eight months later, by which time the Japanese had decided to say yes. 八个月后他回来了，而当时日本人已经决定同意。
(2) in which 意思是“在此期间”，即它的先行词应该是时间段。如：
Galileo's ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived. 伽利略的思想远远超越了他所生活的时代。
You have 14 days in which you can cancel the contract and get your money back. 你可在14天之内取消合同，收回钱款。
▲which 先行词如何确定
The next Olympic Games are in two years, ________ I will be a university student.
在你的句子中，which 指代的先行词是哪个呢？是 two years 不是 in two years？
(1) 如果是先行词 two years（两年），那它是时间段，那其后就应该用 in which，即：
The next Olympic Games are in two years, in which I will be a university student.
下一届奥运会要等两年后，在这两年当中我将在要上大学了。
(2) 如果是先行词 in two years（两年后），那它是时间点，那其后就应该用 by which time，即：
The next Olympic Games are in two years, by which time I will be a university student. 下一届奥运会要等两年后，到那时（指两年后）我将在上大学了。
▲当先行词为“介词+一段时间”时，后面的定语从句可以用 in which吗
我在网上查了一下，你的这道题在网上流传很广，而且答案都是清一色的选 by which time，而把 in which 排除在外，显然是一种误传。比如下面一句就是摘自权威词典，其中的 after three days 与你这道题中的 in two years 用法和意思相近，但它的后面接的就是 in which：
Impatience is growing after three days in which nothing has been achieved. 三天没有任何进展，烦躁情绪见长。（摘自柯林斯高级英语词典）
▲个人揣测
网友的这道题的命题过程可能是这样的：命题者根据 The next Olympic Games are in two years, by which time I will be a university student. 这个句子命制了上面这道题，命题者根据原句给出的参考答案是 by which time，另外三个选项是命题者自己设计的，但由于考虑欠周全，结果不小心设计了一个“正确”答案作为干扰项，所以导致了这样的结果。
个人看法，仅供参考！
陈老师：
The next Olympic Games are in two years, ________ I will be a university student.
答案是 by which time。我想问：可以用 in which 吗？which 作关系代词指代先行词 two years. I will be a university student in which(two years).
回答如下：
【一】“介词＋关系代词which＋名词”引导的定语从句(在某个特定时间）
关系代词在定语从句中一般充当主语、宾语或表语，有时候也可以充当定语。which可以指代一个名词（词组）、一个短语，也可以指代整个句子。而which所修饰的名词（如time, case, city等）是对先行词的内容起概括作用的名词。
(1)by which +名词 引导的定语从句中which 指代前面的介词短语，后面名词指代这个短语所表示的时间，which+名词 具有修饰这个名词作用.
(2)which=in two years, which time =2年后时间， 介词by+which time 到这个时候.
Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, during which time he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union.
which指代from 1999 to 2003这一短语的内容，time对前面的短语from 1999 to 2003起概括作用。这一短语又表示在短时间内.
【二】“介词＋关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句（表示在某个特定期间）
正式语体中，关系代词作介词宾语，常常把介词置于关系代词which/whom之前；非正式语体中，介词可置于从句末。介词的选择取决于其与作先行词的名词、代词的搭配或与定语从句中谓语动词的搭配。有时候需要兼顾先行词和定语从句中的动词。
Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the tiger.
此题中的介词取决于前面的名词scenes，构成in the scenes。
【三】“介词＋疑问代词”what 引导的宾语从句与介词+关系代词which+名词引导定语从句区别
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句要和“介词+疑问代词”引导的宾语从句区别开。两种句子结构很相似，但亦有区别：“介词＋关系代词”前面是名词或代词，而“介词＋疑问代词”前面则是动词或形容词
They way he did it was different from what we were used to.
不要把它看成“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。be different from是一形容词短语，what引导宾语从句作介词from的宾语，而不是from which引导的定语从句
阅读全文
下载本文