用英语表示“越狱”时,表示“狱”的 jail, gaol, prison 前要用冠词吗?
陈老师:
▲表示监狱的的 jail, gaol, prison 前用不用冠词,与 school, bed, church 等名词是否用冠词道理是一样的,主要看它表示什么意思:若表示建筑物,是可数名词,根据需要可以使用冠词;若表示其功能或作用,则通常不用冠词。如:
1. The building was like a prison in appearance. 这座建筑的外观像监狱。(指建筑物,可数)
2. He was thrown into prison and left to rot. 他被关进监牢任其苟延残喘。(指监狱的功能“监禁人”,不可数,不用冠词)
3. He was immediately seized and thrown into prison. 他很快被抓获并被关进监狱。(指监狱的功能“监禁人”,不可数,不用冠词)
4. He says he’ d rather go to prison than pay the fine. 他说他宁愿蹲监狱也不肯交罚款。(指监狱的功能“监禁人”,不可数,不用冠词)
▲用英语表示“越狱”时,表示“狱”的 jail, gaol, prison 前面原则上用冠词。如:
1. She busted out of prison. 她越狱了。
2. Their attempt to break out of prison was foiled. 他们越狱的企图成为泡影。
3. She was shot while trying to escape from prison. 她企图越狱时中了一枪。
4. A notorious criminal escaped from prison. 一个臭名昭著的罪犯越狱逃走了。
5. Before sentence was passed, Mr Mills escaped from jail. 在宣判前,米尔斯先生越狱了。
6. Since he escaped from gaol, Tom has been living on a razor’s edge, terrified of recapture. 汤姆越狱后,时时如惊弓之鸟, 生怕再次被捕。
▲但事实上,有时也真可见到一些表示“越狱”的例子中在 jail, gaol, prison 前用了冠词的,但此时多半是因为其语境是“明确的”——比如那些被称为“囚犯”“罪犯”等的坏人从“监狱”逃走,显然就是“越狱”。如:
1. Three prisoners escaped from a jail. 3名囚犯越狱了。(柯林斯高级英语词典)
2. Several prisoners broke out of the jail. 有几名囚犯越狱了。(牛津高阶英语词典)
3. A prisoner has escaped from a jail in northern England. 一名囚犯从英格兰北部的一所监狱中越狱。(柯林斯高级英语词典)
4. A security alert was issued after four men escaped from the prison. 4个罪犯越狱后,当局发出安全警报。(牛津英语搭配词典)
黎老师:
1. 越狱潜逃 escape from prison and abscond (外语教学与研究出版社2002年增补本:英汉双语《现代汉语词典》p.2374)
2. break [escape] from jail 越狱(席玉虎主编《英语常用词用法详解大词典》p.1747)
注:gaol 是英国英语写法 ,jail 是美国英语写法,两者用法相同。