看到这样一个句子:
He doesn't speak much English but he can make himself understood. 他不大会说英语,但能把自己的意思说清楚。
句子将 He doesn't speak much English 翻译成“他不大会说英语”,但 much 的意思应该是“多”啊,为什么不翻译成“他说英语不多”呢?
曾老师:
▲He doesn't speak much English 中的 not 否定的是 much 而不是 speak,属于否定转移。not much 的意义相当于 little。所以,这句话又可以写为 He speaks little English. 翻译成汉语为 “他几乎不会说英语” 或 “他不大会说英语”,而不译为 “他说英语不多”。又如:
The chambermaid spoke little English, so her husband came with her to interpret. 女服务员几乎不会说英语,因此她丈夫跟着来给她做翻译。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
句中的 spoke little English 就可以用 didn't speak much English 来表达。
▲费致德《现代英语惯用法词典》中指出:
little 和 much 相对,是否定用法,意思是“没有多少,没有什么”(not much, hardly any)。用于不可数名词。例:
I have little time. 我没有多少时间。
所以,I havelittle time. 的意义同样也可以用 I don't have much time. 来表达。
▲在很多情况下,英语句子译成汉语往往要遵循汉语表达习惯。如:
He doesn't seem equal to meeting our demands. 他似乎不太合乎我们的要求。(不能说:他不似乎太合乎我们的要求。)
黎老师:
同意曾老师的分析。
王老师:
这里再举几个例子:
His second suggestion was little(=not much) better than his first. 他的第二个建议比第一个好不了多少。
He was little(= not much) more than a child when his father died. 他父亲去世时,他差不多还是个孩子。