1. He didn't work for long.
2. He didn't work for a long time.
这两句在意思上相同吗?
蒋老师:
你的两句意思不同:not…for long 意思是“做某事没做多久”,not...for a long time 意思是“很久没做某事了”。比较:
He didn't work for long. 他没工作很久。
He didn't work for a long time. 他很长时间没工作了。
He didn’t speak for long. 他没说很久。
He didn’t speak for a long time. 他很长时间没讲话了。
I haven’t been here long. 我来这儿没多久。
I haven’t been here for a long time. 我很久没来这儿了。
刘老师:
同意蒋老师的解答。
此外,我简单讲一下for long 和for a long time 的用法区别,以及英语“否定转移”(Negative Transformation)的有关问题。
▲for long 和for a long time 的区别是:
for long 一般用于否定句和疑问句,极少用于肯定句;for a long time 可以用于各种句式。例如:
1. We cannot survive for long without food and drink. 我们没有食物和饮料就活不了多久。(来自词典例句)
2. The pace was too severe to be kept up for long. 跟上这步伐太难了,无法持久。(《简明英汉词典》例句,本句的不定式实则表达否定意义)
3. Oranges can be kept for a long time without going mouldy. 橙子可以存放很长时间而不腐烂。(柯林斯例句)
4. Frankie hasn't been feeling well for a long time. 弗朗姬很长时间以来一直感觉不舒服。(柯林斯例句)
▲for long 和for a long time 用于否定句时,其否定的对象不同。你给的两个句子分别为:
1. He didn’t work for long. (=He soon stopped working.) 他工作时间不长。
2. He didn’t work for a long time. (=He was unemployed for a long time.) 他长时间没有工作了。
第1句的not不是否定谓语动词,而是否定for long;第2句的not否定谓语动词,不是否定for a long time。
【语法知识】在He didn’t work for long.中,not否定的是for long,而不是work,这种现象叫做“否定转移”(Negative Transformation)。其特点是:表面否定谓语动词,实则否定状语(即后面的介词短语)。下面再举数例:
1. They didn’t come by train. 他们不是坐火车来的。
(not否定介词短语by train,相当于They came not by train.)
2. You can’t fool people all the time. 你不可能一直都在欺骗人。
3. We can’t judge a person by his appearance. 我们不能以貌取人。
4. They never talk about that matter in public. 他们从不在大众场合谈论那件事情。
5. Don’t read in the sun. 不要在阳光下看书。
6. Don’t talk with your mouth full of food. 不要口里含着食物说话。
7. The ant is not gathering food for itself alone. 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
8. She had not been married for many weeks when he saw her. 他看见她时,她结婚还没几个月。(不是“没结婚”)
陈老师:
1. He didn't work for long.
他长久没有工作了。
2. He didn't work for a long time.
他没有工作有很长一段时间。
这两句在意思上相同吗?
回答如下:
虽然这2个意思差不多,但是当于否定副词连用时还是有些差别:
(1)for long = 很久,如果与否定副词连用,表示做某事没有多久(表示某个动作持续时间不是很长)
sb don't do sth for long.(某人做某事持续时间不是很长)
He didn't work for long.
他上班是时间不是很长.
Nothing engages his attention for long.
He hadn't been married for long when he realized he had caught a tartar.
他结婚不久,就察觉到娶了一个泼妇。
I can't wait here for long, for I have an appointment in20 minutes.
我不能在这儿等很长时间,20分钟后我有一个约会。
(2)for a long time 很久,很长时间;如果与否定副词连用,表示很长时间没有做某事了.(表示某个动作很长段时间没有发生)
sb don't do sth for a long time.(某人很长一段时间没有做某事)
He didn't work for a long time.
他很长一段时间没有工作了.
I haven't set eyes on her for a long time.
从那以后,我再也没见过她。
I don't know him well though I've known him for a long time.
我对他并不了解,虽然我认识他已经很长时间了。
Hello, Carol. How are you? I haven't seen you for a long time.
嗨,卡罗尔,你好吗?好久不见了。