过去分词作状语都是现在分词完成式的省略吗

问题描述

Explained a hundred times, he still can’t understand it.

例如，上句中的过去分词 explained 是 Having been explained 或是 Being explained 的省略形式吗？过去分词作状语都是现在分词完成式的省略吗？ 

老师答疑

曹老师：

作状语的时候，过去分词和现在分词完成被动式都表示被动和完成的双重含义。过去分词强调动作结束后主语所处的状态，现在分词完成被动式强调动作本身。本句分词有a hundred times作频度状语，显然是强调动词的发生，因此不该用过去分词作状语，而应该用现在分词完成被动式，即Having been explained a hundred times, ...。 分词作让步状语。

有时上下文语境不是很明确的时候，看不出说话人是强调动作本身还是动作结束后主语的状态，则二者都可以。当分词有方式状语或频度状语修饰时，显然是强调动作，就该用现在分词完成被动式。

陈老师：

Explained a hundred times, he still can’t understand it.

参考译文：虽然给他解释了100次，但是他让然不理解/不明白/不懂。

例如，上句中的过去分词 explained 是 Having been explained 或是 Being explained 的省略形式吗？过去分词作状语都是现在分词完成式的省略吗？ 

（是让步状语从句省略连词although/though+助动词be 只保留过去分词的缩写简化形式的一种语言现象）

解答如下：

以上属于过去分词作让步状语，其逻辑主语为后面的句子主语，相当于下面的让步状语从句。

(1)Explained a hundred times, he still can’t understand it.（过去分词一般时作让步状语）

(3)=Having been explained a hundred times, he still can't understand it.（为现在分词完成时的被动语态作让步状语）

=Although he has been explained a hundred times, he still can't understand it.

参考译文：虽然给他解释了100次，但是他让然不理解/不明白/不懂。

（备注：第1种为过去分词一般时作状语；第2种为现在分词完成时被动式作状语；第3种为让步状语从句作让步状语）

下面都是过去分词做状语状语用法,可以使用连词although, though, even if, even though转换一个与之相对应让步状语从句。

Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandi created the principle of nonviolent resistance.

尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监狱，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。
Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart.

=Although he was defeated again, he didn’t lose heart.

尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。
Awaited by others for over half an hour, he didn’t turn up at the meeting.

尽管别人等了他半个多小时，他还是没有到会。

Laughed at by many people,he continued his study.

=Though he was laughed at by many people, he continued his study.

虽然有很多人嘲笑他，但是他仍然继续他的学习。

Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.

=Although he is encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.

尽管受到了父母的鼓励, 他仍然没有信心克服困难。