As can be seen in the tour, it also features one of the most elaborate cooking classrooms at sea and an Artist Loft where passengers can take hands-on art classes.
上文中的where引导的是同位语从句还是定语从句,怎样由语意判断定语从句和同位语从句(不是通过成分的缺失去判断)?谢谢老师的回答。
刘老师:
学会区别定语从句与同位语从句
从以下几个方面入手:
(1)先行词不同
同位语的先行词(暂且这样称呼)常是一些具有具体信息内容或一定内涵的词,如idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise 等,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。
Word came that Liu Xiang got the first place again.
传来消息说刘翔又得了第一名。(同位语从句)
The possibility that man will have to live on other planet is often discussed.人们经常讨论人类将不得不居住在其他星球上的可能性。(同位语从句)
The news that our team won the game excited us all.
我们队赢了比赛的消息让我们每个人都很激动。(同位语从句)
(2)两种从句表达的含义不同
定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。
The fact that he presented was a strong proof.
他所提供的事实是一个强有力的证据。(定语从句,先行词fact在从句中作presented的宾语)
The fact that she hadn't said anything surprised us all.(=That she hadn't said anything surprised us all.)她任何事情也没说的事实使我们每个人都很惊讶。(同位语从句,解释说明fact的内容)
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.
妈妈许下了一个令她的孩子们高兴的诺言。(定语从句,先行词promise在从句中作pleased的主语)
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.
我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句,补充说明promise的内容)
(3)that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别
that引导定语从句时,在从句中作主语或宾语,指物时还可以用which代替,并且作宾语时常常省略;然而,在同位语从句中that仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替。
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们昨天收到了应派几个人去帮其他小组的命令。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略)
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应派几个人去帮助其他小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)
(4)when,where,why引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别
when,where,why引导从句时,如果它们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因,那么该从句为定语从句;否则为同位语从句。
I will forever cherish the time when I won the prize in the National Math Competition.
我将永远珍惜我在全国数学竞赛中获奖的那一刻。(定语从句)
I have no idea when he won the prize in the National Math Competition.
我不知道他是什么时候在全国数学竞赛中获奖的。(同位语从句)