Shields,sensitive and proud,boiled with indignation.
我觉得sensitive and proud可以看成是定语修饰Shields;也可以看成是状语从句的省略,作原因状语或什么状语。请问对吗?
刘老师:
Shields, sensitive and proud, boiled with indignation.
【翻译】西尔滋,一个敏感而傲慢的人,激起了他心头的怒火。
【分析】
1. sensitive and proud:形容词短语,作后置定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句:who was sensitive and proud
2. boiled with indignation:因愤怒而暴跳如雷,火气冲冲。with indignation表示原因。
3. 理解为原因状语也是可以的,定语从句的形式也可以表示原因的意义。
下面是以前解答的一个问题,可参考:
有网友问,下面的句子来自浙江大学外语教研室编写的《实用科技英语语法》:
A light beam that consists of light of all wave lengths gives a continuous spectrum. 光束如果包含了各种波长的光就会呈现出连续光谱。
我不太明白,译文中的“如果”是怎么来的?原文中并无 if 之类的词,请专家指教,谢谢!
这是一个非常有趣的问题。定语从句的翻译要灵活,不能一字对应一字地翻译。我们要发现从句和主句之间的各种关系,并充分考虑汉语的表达习惯,做到使译文通顺流畅。尽管句中没有 if,但我们翻译成中文时,考虑到定语从句表达了条件句的意义,所以,按照条件状语从句翻译。又如:
How can anyone hope to be a qualified teacher, who doesn't know what the students are thinking and demanding? 一个人如果不知道他的学生在想什么,需要什么,怎么能指望自己成为一个合格的教师呢?
英语中,有些从句在形式上是定语从句,因为句子有先行词和关系词。但是,在意义上并非作定语,而是作状语。或者说,这些定语从句已经超越了定语的意义范畴,而进入了状语的意域。从意义上看,它不是作某个先行词的定语,而是修饰主句的谓语动词或者整个主句的内容了。所以,为了理解方便,我们称之为“定语从句的形式,状语从句的意义”。
1. 定语从句的形式,条件状语从句的意义
The same thing, which happened twenty years ago, would lead to disaster. (=The same thing would lead to disaster if it happened twenty years ago.) 同样一件事情,如果发生在20年前,将会导致灾难。
2. 定语从句的形式,原因状语从句的意义
He is a kind man, who is always ready to help others. (=He is a kind man because he is always ready to help others.) 他是一个好人,因为他总是乐于助人。
3. 定语从句的形式,让步状语从句的意义
Smith insisted on building another house which he had no use for. (=Smith insisted on building another house though he had no use for it.) 史密斯坚持再盖一幢房子,尽管他无此需要。
4. 定语从句的形式,目的状语从句的意义
He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter. (=He wishes to write an article so that it will attract public attention to the matter.) 他想写篇文章,以便引起公众对此事的关注。
5. 定语从句的形式,结果状语从句的意义
My car broke down halfway, which caused me to come late. (=My car broke down halfway so that it caused me to come late.) 我的车在半路上出了故障,结果使我来晚了。
6. 定语从句的形式,时间状语从句的意义
I saw Mr. Wang who was wandering on the street. (=I saw Mr. Wang when he was wandering on the street.) 王先生在街上散步的时候,我见到了他。
张老师:
The town roared with laughter. Shields, sensitive and proud, boiled with indignation.
【参考译文】
全镇的人都不禁捧腹,(这令)敏感又自负的西尔兹勃然大怒。
【参考解析】
最好理解为非限制性定语。