老师:您好!我在英国大使馆文化教育处的网站上看到以下几句话不太明白。
能否帮忙指导一下呀?
原文如下:
Welcome to week one of exploring English Magna Carta. This week, we're going to look at what Magna Carta is. We'll be out on the streets of Hereford in England, asking young people what they can tell us about the great charter. We'll then travel back in time to 1215 to find out why Magna Carta was written. We'll start by talking about what life was like in mediaeval England and find out why King John's subjects were so unhappy with him. We'll then move on to look at some of the most important clauses in Magna Carta. In finding out about Magna Carta's historical context, you'll be learning English, too.
我的问题:
1. King John's subjects,请问这里的 subjects 是不是指“国民”的意思啊?
2. 最后一句话中 in finding out 这个短语中为何用了 in 啊?这句话是倒装吗?
如果是倒装句的话,我理解的恢复句子是:Finding out about Magna Carta's historical context in, you'll be learning English, too.
我的理解正确吗?谢谢。
谭老师:
1. 你的判断是正确的,subject在英语里的本义就是指君主统治下的人,这个义项已经有近700年的历史了。
King John's subject可以翻译成:约翰国王的臣民。
▲在现代英语里,subject是对君主制国家的臣民或国民的正式称呼,而且绝大多数的使用都是出现在“British subject(s)”这个词组里。
• British subjects and Commonwealth citizens do not need visas. 英国国民和英联邦成员国公民不需要签证。
• Northern Ireland citizens are British subjects. 北爱尔兰的居民是英国国民。
• ...his subjects regarded him as a great and wise monarch... 他的臣民把他视为伟大而英明的君主
• Roughly half of them are British subjects. 他们中大约有一半是英国国民。
▲值得注意的是,British subject(s)在英国是有法定意义的术语,理解和使用的时候不应想当然,也不能与British citizen(s)随意互换使用。详见维基百科中文版的“英籍人士”条目或维基百科英文版的“British subject”、“British nationality law”条目。
2.这里没有倒装,只不过是简单的ing从句充当介词in的补足语(用传统语法的用语:动名词充当介词宾语)。
翻译:在了解《大宪章》历史背景的过程中,你也会学到英语。
▲in的意义是“在……之中”,后面接上可以表示动作的ing从句,最直接的意义就是“在……的过程中”。
• In attempting to save the child from drowning, she nearly lost her own life. 她在抢救落水的儿童时,自己差点丧命。
• In working with others, you find out more about yourself. 在与别人一起工作的过程中,你会进一步认识你自己。
▲由此引申,“in + doing”还可以表示原因,比如:
• In refusing to work abroad, she missed an excellent job opportunity. 由于拒绝去国外工作,她错过了一个极好的工作机会。
• The government banned tobacco advertising and, in doing so (= because of this) , contributed greatly to the nation's health. 政府禁止烟草广告,这样做对国民的健康大有裨益。