问题描述

I'll die fighting. 我将战斗至死。

I nearly died laughing when she said that. 她说那话时，我差点给笑死。

die + 分词该如何理解呢？表示以……的方式死去吗？

老师答疑

刘老师：

句子划分的划分，除了看句子的结构外，还要看语义。也就是说，当我们无法根据结构分析某个成分时，最好根据语义判断。我认为：网友的判断是正确的！

I'll die fighting. 我将战斗而死。

I nearly died laughing when she said that. 她说那话时，我差点给笑死。

以上两句的现在分词是方式状语。它们跟谓语动词的关系，可以从语义判断出来：

1. “战斗而死”——“死”是结果，“战斗”是方式。

2. “笑死”—— “死”是结果，“笑”是方式。

Expert 认为：I will die fighting = I will die from fighting.

我认为，这两句话不可划等号！前者是“战斗而死”，战斗是方式，表达了勇士战死沙场的决心和意志；后者是“死于战斗”，战斗是原因（from 表原因），但这不是人们愿意主动去做的，谁愿意主动死于战争？die from 是一种被动的行为。所以，这两句话的意思是不相容的，不可同日而语！

此外，I will die fighting = When I will die, I am fighting. 这个等号更是无法理解。

英语不是数学，不可随便划个等号就行了。常言道“差之毫厘，失之千里”。

第2句同理。

陈老师：

I'll die fighting. （作方式状语理解）

（die fighting=fight to death 战斗到死亡）

=I will fight to death

我将战斗至死。

还可以改为由连词till/untill引导时间状语从句

I will fight till/until I die(till/untill为介词，简单句）

I will fight till/until my death.（till/untill为连词，引导时间状语从句）

我将战斗至死。

(以上是把现在现在分词作方式状语理解，并把作方式状语现在分词用动词不定式作结果状语一种等同转化。）

I nearly died laughing when she said that.

（作结果状语理解） 

（die laughing=laugh to death 笑到死/笑死）

（sth make me laugh to death某事把某人笑死）

=I nearly laughed to death when she said that 

或者说I was nearly made to laugh to death when she said that

她说那话时，我差点给笑死。

(以上是把现在现在分词作结果状语理解，并把作结果状语现在分词用动词不定式作结果状语一种等同替换。）

die + 分词该如何理解呢？表示以……的方式死去吗？

回答如下：

以上句子结构可以从以下2种方式来解读，理解和掌握

(1)现在分词作方式状语来理解的句子转换

I will die  fighting=I will die from fighting.

(from fighting用来说明谓语动作发生方式，既以什么形式发生，也就是说死亡的方式是以战斗方式死亡，即战死）

I nearly died  laughing when she said that.

=I nearly died from laughing when she said that.

(2)双重谓语结构来理解的句子转换

（双重谓语主要用来修饰“句子主要谓语动词”用来说明谓语动词发生的时候所处于的某种状态，特征或者身份）

I will die fighting =When I will die , I am fighting.

I nearly died  laughing when she said that.

=When I nearly die,I was laughing whenshe said that

例如下面句子

(1)He died beloved,revered, and  mourned by millions of working people.

=When  he died, he was  beloved, revered and mourned by millions of working people.

(2)Another man crawled helpless into the hull.

=Another man was helpless whenhe crawled ino the hull.

(3) He died young.

=When the died,he was young.

具有以上结构用法，die除了后面接分词之外，还可以接名词和形容词

(1)die +名词

He died a beggar.   

他乞食而死。

She died a rich woman.   

她去世时很富有。

He died a millionaire.   
他死时是个百万富翁。

He died a martyr at his post.   
他因公殉职。

(2)die +形容词

He hoped to marry her, but she died young.   
他曾希望同她结婚,但她年轻时就死了。

His wife died young leaving three daughters.   
他的妻子年纪轻轻就死了,留下三个女儿。

I can help him no more. Let me die happy.   
我再没有什么可帮助他的了。让我幸福地死去吧。

（特别备注：还可以接同源宾语）

其结构为：主语+不定冠词(a/an)+形容词+death

He died a miserable death.   
他死得很惨。

He died a sudden death in a California car crash in 1940.

1940 年,他在加州死于车祸。

双谓语结构用法

在英语中有这样一种句型：主语＋实义动词＋形容词（或名词），人们将它称为双谓语结构（也有人认为这是主语补语结构）。在这种结构中，第一部分的实义动词，说明主语的行为动作，通常是不及物动词；第二部分说明主语在进行这一动作时的特征、身份、状态，其作用相当于表语（或状语）。这类句子主要出现在描绘性的文字中，在日常口语里用得很少。例如：

(1)主语＋实义动词＋形容词（或分词）

Mr. Smith lay ill in bed.

斯密斯先生卧病在床。

Everyone stood listening attentivly.

每个人都站聚精会神地倾听。

He entered excited and eager to tell us about it.

他兴奋地近来并急切告诉我们这件事情。

All the time she sat silent in the corner.

她一言不发地坐在角落里。

The day dawned misty and overcast.

这天天亮时雾气很重，天上布满了乌云

Holding the note in the hand, he stood there dumbfounded.

他手拿钞票，站在那里目瞪口呆。

Sighing, he dipped his brush and passed it along the topmost board...and sat down on a box discouraged.

他叹了口气，用刷子蘸了灰浆，顺着顶上一层木板刷过去……就在一只木箱上垂头丧气地坐下来了。

(2)主语＋实义动词＋名词

He died a martyr to the cause of the revolution.

他为革命事业牺牲了。

They parted the best of friends.

他们极其友好地分手了。

She left a child and came back a mother of three children.

她去时是一个孩子，回来时己是三个孩子的妈妈了。

He died a poor man.

他死时很穷。

Lincoln was born a poor farmer’s boy and died president of the United States.

林肯出生时是一个贫苦农夫的儿子，死时则是美国总统。

以上例句去掉句中的形容词或名词，句子意思仍然完整；而从结构上看，它与系表结构类似。

(3)双谓语结构与系表结构的区别

（一)双谓语结构去掉后面的形容词句子意思仍然完整，而系表结构去掉形容词则句子意思不完整。例如：

  She married young.（她出嫁时年龄不大。）

去掉young，She married.句子意思仍然完整。

 He remained silent. （他仍一言不发。）

去掉silent，He remained句子意思不完整。.

 （二）双谓语结构最为常见的时态是一般过去时，而系表结构的时态可因情况不同而比较灵活。

 （三）判断一个句子是否是双谓语结构可以用联系动词代替谓语动词的方式来验证：如果一个句子用系动词替代谓语动词不影响原句意思的则为系表结构，如“He went mad.”可变为“He became mad.”，原句意思不变，则它为系表结构。而“He came back sick.”如变为“He was sick.”虽然句子仍旧成立，但意思却发生了改变，“回来”的意思消失了，影响了原句的本意，故它属于双谓语结构。

 (4)双谓语结构与实义动词加副词结构的区别

双谓语结构与不及物动词加副词结构不同，后者的副词修饰动词，作状语。

He came in drunk.

（他醉醺醺地走了进来。）

句中drunk是形容词形容came in时的状态，因此它与came in构成双谓语结构。

The demand rose sharply.

（需求急剧增加。）

句中的sharply 是副词，修饰谓语动词rose ,作状语。

双谓语结构的使用能使文章生动，富有表现力，但是并不是每一个不及物动词都可以构成双谓语结构。

补充回答如下：

还有一种理解，即把现在分词理解结果状语

(1)die fighting =fight to death

I'll die fighting 

=I will be fighting to death

=I will fight to death

我将奋战到死。

The only alternative to being taken prisoner was to die fighting.

除了当俘虏之外, 惟一的选择就是奋战至死了。

die fighting =fight to death战斗到死/奋战至死

 These patriots would fight to death before they surrendered.  

这些爱国者宁愿战斗到死,也不愿投降.

The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered.  

游击队员宁愿战斗到死,也不愿投降.

The crane and the mother - of - pearl fight to death.  

鹬蚌相争.

We either fight to death or surrender. There is no middle point.  

我们要么战死,要么投降, 没有折中办法.

The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrender.  

游击队员们宁愿战斗到死也决不投降.

The soldiers would fight to death before they surrendered.  

译文:战士们宁愿战死也决不投降.

The guerillas would fight to death before they surrendered.  

游击队员宁愿战斗到死,而决不投降.

The soldiers would fight to death surrendered.  

士兵们宁战斗到死,也不愿投降.

Here he stands ! Zhang Fei of Yan , who'll fight to death any man that dares?  

我乃燕人张翼德也! 谁敢与我决一死战? ——张飞据水断桥.

 He now faces a fight to the death to reach the quarter-finals.  

他现在面临一场杀入四分之一决赛的殊死决战。

 We are resolved to fight to the end: liberty or death.  

我们决心战斗到底,要么获得自由,要么在战斗中死去.

He said they did not want war—but if attacked they would fight to the death.  

他说他们不希望有战争——但一旦遭到攻击，定会战斗到底。

If I were he I should wish to fight to the death.  

如果我是他,我宁可战斗到最后一息.

For land alone most peasants in China would fight to the death.  

中国的农民仅仅为了土地,大多数也是愿意拼死作战的.

1This is your chance. Fight! Fight to the death!  

这是你的机会来了. 努力吧! 拼搏到底!

还有一种理解，即把现在分词理解方式状语并用不定式作目的状语作语义等同转换

(1)die laughing =laugh to death 笑死/笑到死亡/逗死

I nearly died laughing when she said that. 

=I nearly laughed to death when she said that

她说那话时，我差点给笑死。

His joke made me laugh to death.  

他的笑话把我给逗死了.

It was so funny, I nearly died laughing.

=It was so funny,I nearly laughed to death

太好玩了，我差点笑死了。

You'll be the death of me with your funny jokes! You"ll make me die laughing.

你的笑话会要我的命！会把我笑死的。

"At least you die laughing here," one visitor said when a guard searched him.

“至少你笑着死在这里，”一位游客被警卫搜查时如是说。

One day you will be able to go over what you discarded and die laughing.

总有一天，你会一一回想起被自己舍弃的东西，笑着离开人世。

I nearly died laughing when she said that.

她说那话时，我差点给笑死。

You can make jokes while you're driving, but you will crash and you will die laughing.你完全可以在开车的时候开玩笑，但是你将出车祸并且大笑时被撞死。

If you are afraid that you might die laughing you are suffering from cherophobia.如果你担心会笑死，那么你正在经历幸福恐怖。

Well,you could have died laughing if you had heard of his story.

如果你听到他所经历过的情况，一定会笑坏的。

Well, you could have died laughing if you had heard of his story.

如果你听到他所经历过的情况，一定会笑坏的。

I was dying with embarrassment when my little lie was discovered; We almost died laughing during the show.

当我的谎言被拆穿时，我真是羞愧得要死。

I could have died laughing.

=I could have laughed to death.

我简直要笑死了。